| Day 1 |
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1. Introduction |
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1.1. Course overview |
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1.2. Features of RFT |
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1.3. Current use of RFT in industry. |
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1.4. History and economic benefits of RFT. |
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Pioneering by Schmidt at Shell Development; original 1951 patent; oil well casings to small-bore tubes; growth and competition in remote field; codes and standards. |
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2. Theory of RFT |
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2.1. Basic terminology. |
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remote field testing, through-transmission, exciter, detector, phase, amplitude, sinusoidal, voltage, current. |
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2.2. Magnetic and electrical properties of metals. |
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conductivity, resistivity, permeability, magnetic domains, magnetic hysteresis, effects of impurities, pinning sites, stress effects, Curie point, temperature effects, domains and magnetization, residual magnetism, demagnetization. |
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2.3. Magnetic fields from coils and permanent magnets |
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Field from current-carrying conductors, coils, and solenoids; basic equations. |
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2.4. Induced emf in a coil. |
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Faraday’s law; Lenz’ law; basic equations. |
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2.5. Eddy currents and their effects. |
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Conditions to create eddy currents; field attenuation. |
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Remote field, transition, and direct field zones. |
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Field configuration and propagation, coupling of exciter and detector, interaction of direct
and remote fields, difficulty of analysis in transition zone. |
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2.6. Skin depth theory and through-transmission effects. |
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2.7. Effects of tube support plates and other external conductive objects. |
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2.8. Other electromagnetic methods |
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Conventional eddy current testing (ET): comparison with RFT; interaction with tube wall
and flaws; difficulties in carbon steel; reflection vs. through-transmission. |
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T4 |
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Saturn |
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3. Practical: |
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3.1 Connecting the instrument, lap-top and probe |
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3.2 Powering up |
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3.3 Establishing connection to Instrument |
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3.4 Choosing probe type and drive levels |
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3.5 Operating in “Free-Run mode” |
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3.6 Homing (Normalizing) the display |
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3.7 Setting up the display |
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3.8 Running the cal tube |
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4. Test: |
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4.1 Basic understanding of RFT vs ET |
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| Day 2 |
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5. Probe design and response |
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5.1. Basic RFT probe and bobbin detector (absolute detector, axial field). |
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5.2. Differential detector (radial field). |
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5.3. Array probes. |
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5.4. Probe design |
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Fill factor; single and double exciter, sensitivity to pits, near-tube-support-plate
examination. |
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6. Data display and analysis |
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6.1. Through-transmission effects on AC fields. |
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6.2. Displaying AC signals on the phase-amplitude diagram. |
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Voltage plane, impedance plane, nominal point, zero point. |
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6.3. Strip chart traces: phase, amplitude, log-amplitude, X, Y. |
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6.4. Indications from metal loss, tube support plates, bends and other features. |
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6.5. Anomalous fields from cracks. |
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6.6. Absolute coil phase shift from metal loss. |
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6.7. Processed channels and mixing. |
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6.8. RFT abs-ferrous analysis. |
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Voltage plane, absolute coil analysis, depth and extent of metal loss. |
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6.9. Differential coil analysis. |
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Angle as a depth indicator. |
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6.10. Tube support plate indications and analysis. |
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6.11. Analysis of sample data. |
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7. Instrument operation |
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7.1. External features of the Ferroscope 308. |
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7.2. Specifications of the Ferroscope 308. |
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7.3. Basic RFT instrument design. |
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Amplification, gains, harmonic analysis, internal layout |
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7.4. Choosing instrument settings |
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Frequency, drive voltage, sample rate, gains. |
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7.5. Techniques for avoiding amplitude saturation and noise. |
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7.6. Settings for optimum pit sensitivity. |
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8. Practical: |
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8.1 Review connection, establishing communication, setting probe parameters |
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8.2 Creating a tube list. |
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8.3 Recording data. |
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8.4 Data display, settings, and tools. |
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8.5 Calibrating |
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8.6 Recalling pre-recorded files |
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8.7 Analyzing data from pre-recorded files |
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Test: Probe types and basic signal analysis |
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| Day 3 |
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9 Materials and processes |
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9.1 Tubes: their manufacture and designations. |
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9.2 Heat exchangers and boilers: function and construction. |
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9.3 Corrosion, erosion, and damage mechanisms for heat exchangers and boilers. |
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9.4 RFT examination planning and practices for heat exchangers and boilers. |
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9.5 Other components such as feedwater heaters, condensers, reboilers, and chillers. |
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10 Practical |
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10.1 Review connection, calibration, tube list creation |
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10.2 Creating a report from within Adept-Pro |
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10.3 File management. |
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10.4 Intro to probe types for RFT |
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10.5 Data analysis, pre-recorded data |
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Test: Materials, processes, heat exchanger and boiler manufacture |
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| Day 4 |
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11 Field practices and the ASTM standard |
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11.1 Pre-job information. |
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11.2 Carrying out the examination. |
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11.3 Reference tube standards. |
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11.4 Compensating for differences in material properties. |
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11.5 Secondary (back-up) examinations. |
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11.6 Reporting results |
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12 TubeSheet Diagram software |
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12.1 Building a matrix. |
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12.2 Assigning categories to tubes. |
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12.3 Displaying and reporting results. |
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12.4 Importing data from Adept-Pro. |
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13 Practical: |
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13.1 Examination and analysis of sample tubes. |
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Activities and duration depends on facilities available on-site and availability of RFT
equipment for participants |
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13.2 Creating a tube sheet diagram |
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13.3 Exporting report to tube sheet diagram |
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Test: ASTM standard, Ref tubes, reporting |
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Day 5 is open for practical use of the system on a variety of cal tubes and tubes with defects.
Open discussion on practical aspects of using RFT for tubing inspection
Introduction to ELF technology (RFT from the outside of the tube)
Introduction to multi channel, coulour map displays, signal rotation, trace nudging analyzing data from
multiple channels, effects of lift-off etc. |
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| Course Exam: 4 hours |
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The exam leads to certification and certified hours of training in RFT through Russell NDE Systems.
There is currently no nationally or internationally recognized standard for personnel qualification in
RFT.
A certificate suitable for framing is issued for participants who obtain a minimum of 80% on the
course exam and have attended all lessons. |
